Character Analysis of Dee Johnson in Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essa

Alice Walker crafts the character of Dee Johnson in the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† in a clever way. Starting from the first paragraph, Walker creates an image of Dee, who at first seems very shallow. Dee then becomes a more complex character as the story progresses. Blessed with both brains and beauty, Dee emerges as someone who is still struggling with her identity and heritage. Dee is a flat character, who is described as arrogant and selfish. Through the eyes of Dee, one can see her egotistical nature. Dee is portrayed as a light-skinned black person who feels as though she is better than everyone else because her waist is small, her skin is light, she has a nice grade of hair, and she is somewhat educated. Although she may be educated when it comes to college, she is not educated w...

Case analysis for Hyundai Card Essay

As a latecomer in Korean credit card market, Hyundai Card has gradually increased the market share since it entered the business in 1999. With its tie with Hyundai motor group, the company branded itself as â€Å"Hyundai M Card†. It started off by attracting buyer to consider using the card to purchase Hyundai automobile by offering discount. In later stages, the company has adopted the customer segmentation strategy to diversify its target groups of clients. With the emphasis on market segmentation based on different groups of card holders, utilizing clients’ card usage data, it has led to the unique customized service via alphabet card marketing activities. The strategy has led to great success, Hyundai Card received a Number One ranking in the Korea’s National Customer Satisfaction Index. The Korean credit card market has experienced a period of overheating due to a rapid expansion in the number of cards, reduced standards for issuing cards, etc. However, in recent years, Korean government has tighten up the policy in the credit card industry, and it results in lower % returns for the card issuer. The market has become saturated, consumers are having too many different options in card for different needs. But the fact is that most people are only using 1 or 2 cards, and the rising cost of operating business also presents an area of concern for major card player like Hyundai Card. Background Hyundai Card is a credit card company in South Korea. Hyundai Motor Group and GE Capital are two of their largest shareholders. The company entered the credit card business in 1999 through the acquisition of Diners Card as a subsidiary. In 2001, the card’s name was changed to â€Å"Hyundai Card†. Credit card business in South Korea is a competitive market. According to a report of The Economist, Korea has the equivalent of 4.4 cards for every  member of the labor force. And Koreans made frequent transactions with credit card, on average, each Korean swipes card for 129.7 times in 2011. That number has well exceeded Americans (77.9) and Canadians (89.6). Hyundai Card is the fourth biggest credit card issuer in South Korea. As per stats in May 2007, it captures a 9.96% share of the market. The Korean credit card market is led by Koomin (16.21%), LG (16.08%), Samsung (12.33). Among the major players in the credit card market, Hyundai is considered as a latecomer. Current Situation Hyundai card has continued to increased its market share in the competitive Korean market. As per stats at the end of 2012, Hyundai Card had a market share of 14.3%. And Hyundai Card has also received a good market reputation being ranked as Number One in the Korea’s National Customer Satisfaction Index. Critical Marketing Issue The credit card industry has underwent an adjustment period. Credit card company experience a growth in the number of late payment and bad debts. And the card market has become saturated, as there are too many card products in the market, which card caters for different need. In fact, most card holder only uses 1 or 2 credit card to purchase. Another is the political factor of the tightening government policy, it has also present a problem to card issuers as they are having lower % of return in the business. In 2012, the government barred card companies from extracting higher fees from smaller merchants. And it also make it easier for customer to compare interest rates across products and harder for less credit worthy borrowers to spend beyond their means. As a result, many card issuing companies started to cut the budget and become more conservative in doing their card business. Alternative Solutions 1. Try to move out of the business by selling it to a suitable buyer Pros: If the company can find a suitable buyer and sell the business at a good price, once and for all, the company does not need to face the problem in the market. The proceed of selling the business may help raise substantial fund capital and enable the company to invest in other business with higher return. Cons: With the end of the credit card business era, Hyundai may suffer certain degree of reputational loss in the domestic market, people may start to worry about the future of the company, it may cause bigger problem to other core business such as the automobile business. 2. Down size the business by cutting cost Pros: The company can remain as a player in local card business, and the company can allocate additional budget to invest in other areas of business with higher return Cons: With less budget allocated, the company may start to lose the status as one of the four biggest player in Korean card business 3. Stay aggressive in card business but try harder to expand the international market Pros: While the company remains its presence in its domestic market, the company will develop more profit growing point in overseas market Cons: The uncertainty in less mature overseas market may not guarantee profit, it can also lead to unexpected loss for the company Decision Matrix Three options may be good options for different companies. For prestigious  brand name like Hyundai Motor and GE, it is always not a wise choice to come up with a solution with the aim of securing short term profit at the expense of sacrificing the brand equity. As a late comer to the card market, Hyundai card has experienced success by capturing larger market share. And the good reputation of customer satisfaction is also an important asset. Therefore there is no way for the company to sell or downsize their business. With less promising future in the local market, the company should start to concentrate to penetrate into other markets in order to develop more profit growing points and remain as a leading brand name in the credit card business. The company has the experience in automobile business in overseas and relevant expertise in Korean credit card, those are the strength that can help the company to capture the opportunities in those less mature market at the same minimizing the chance of failure. Recommendation Target Markets Mainland China, other developing South East Asia countries Positioning With its tie with the branded name in Hyundai Motor, it should position itself as one of the premium brand in the market. Marketing Mix Elements ( 4 Ps) Price: Should aim at customers at high end with high social status Product: Black and Purple card are issued for high social status people in Korea, it can also be used in other markets Promotion: Seek cooperation with branded companies such as winery, golf club,etc. Try to offer card holder with incentive using the card to purchase Place: Golf club, luxury suites Evaluation: The company should conduct effective marketing survey at least once a year to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaign and the overall strategy Conclusion For prestigious brand name like Hyundai Motor and GE, it is always not a wise choice to come up with a solution with the aim of securing short term profit at the expense of sacrificing the brand equity. As a late comer to the card market, Hyundai card has experienced success by capturing larger market share. And the good reputation of customer satisfaction is also an important asset. Therefore there is no way for the company to sell or downsize their business. With less promising future in the local market, the company should start to concentrate to penetrate into other markets in order to develop more profit growing points and remain as a leading brand name in the credit card business. The company has the experience in automobile business in overseas and relevant expertise in Korean credit card, those are the strength that can help the company to capture the opportunities in those less mature market at the same minimizing the chance of failure. Bibliography HyundaiCard’s Marketing Strategy, by Chan Soo Park and Ronald D. Camp II, 2009 Hyundai internet home page (http://ir.hyundaicard.com/ceh/ho/cehho0101_01.hc) http://totalidentity.com/hyundai-card-innovation-growth-activation-rebranding http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21589470-it-getting-harder-make-money-worlds-most-prolific-card-users-swipe

Supply For A Continuous Supply - 1134 Words

cannot ensure a continuous supply for the product UV4 from its sourcing country, China, because the Chinese governmental ban on the use of UV4’s raw material. He has to make a plan by the next day to address the short-term shortage of supply. Associated Issue The higher level of issues that should be taken into account are: global sourcing; strategic sourcing; supplier management; cost analysis; supplier relations and risk management. Issue Analysis Major of facts †¢ The company had annual sales of $140 million, employed 400 people in offices around the world †¢ The crystal quartz sleeve that acted as an ultratransparent barrier between the water and the UV lamp are very expensive and difficult to procure †¢ The company had traditionally†¦show more content†¦- Because this purchase from AMS is 30% of total sleeve cost, the total spend for this commodity was approximately $1.7 million (510,000/0.3) - Trojan’s piece price cost from Juntao was 30% of its cost from AMS, which is approximately $15.30 per sleeve or $153,000 per year. - After the ban rule, is Juntao import raw material will lead to a cost of $28 per sleeves, and $280,000 per year. - The $77 cost from AMS is approximately at 50% premium. According to the 80/20 allocation plan, the annual cost would be $154,000(2000*77). Purchases from Juntao would be $122,400 for 8,000 units, which is a total cost of $276,400 – a net reduction of 46% in costs. - If Trojan buy 100% from AMS, its costs would be $770,000, a premium of $260,000. - Based on annual revenues of $140 million and unit sales of 500 to 600, the average unit sold has a value of $233,000 to $280,000. Alternative solutions 1. First, Juntao imports raw materials. The costs would increase by approximately $127,000(28-15.3=12.7, 12.7*10000). Pros: It might be a long-term solution, because Trojan want to keep its LCS and global sourcing strategy. Cons: It will not address the short-term supply shortage problem because import material is available in next month. This option is somehow risky, because we don’t know if Juntao has ability to secure appropriateShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Of A Continuous Replenishment System Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesReorder point control is part of a continuous replenishment system that orders stock when a pre-determined level of inventory is reached. This system determines when to order not how much. Pre-determined levels are calculated using a forecast amount and safety stock margin and set as minimums and maximum quantities. The theory behind this hybrid or push-pull strategy is that a pull system is used in the first instance to achieve economies of scale and a pull system is used secondary in order toRead MoreCustomer Service and Online Delivery Systems1122 Words   |  5 Pagesmay have a great product, but if it is not delivered to the customer when they need it, the customer will move to the competitor and the product will fail. 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In an insightful commentary on these tools and techniques, Jeffrey Liker writes that Toyota’s success goes beyond these tools and techniques toRead MoreGovernment Intervention in Agriculture Industry in Indonesia Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesfruits and vegetables to increase due to shortage of supply. Not only that, ineq uality in distribution of income by farmers has take place due to lack of capital acess (TheJakartaPost, 2010). The market economy requires institution such as government to implement policies and making decisions to maintain market and avoid market failures like monopoly and negative externalities. Government intervention such as decision to guarantee continuous supplies of horticultural products will not only complementRead MoreThe Effects Of Redesigning The New Zealand Electricity Market Case Study703 Words   |  3 Pagesredesigning the New Zealand Electricity Market, so that offers are in the format of a continuous piecewise-linear (PWL) function, rather than the current discontinuous step function. In particular, we wish to consider whether the using PWL supply offers result in less volatile electricity price, and smoother, monotonic changes in prices when demand fluctuates. Issues with Current Supply Offers Currently, supply offers submitted by generators in the New Zealand Electricity Market are in the form ofRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Amazon.com Inc.1405 Words   |  6 Pagesincome of the next 10 largest online stores Amazon claims that whatever the customer wants is just a mouse click away and attempts to deliver their products at the cheapest price in the market place. In 2014 Amazon was ranked number 3 in the Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for the third year running (Aronow, Horman, Burke, Niles, Romano 2015). Amazon’s Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) Analysis provided by Datamonitor.com cites Amazon’s strengths as largest online retailerRead MoreLean Supply Chain Is A Catalyst For Enhancing Product Quality And Business Performance1375 Words   |  6 PagesIn a constantly evolving market, companies must maintain the mindset of continuous improvement and they must focus on speed, efficiency and customer value to be competitive (Cudney Elrod, 2011). Applying lean concepts goes beyond having a better product than competitors; it’s the supply chains ability to create end-to-end value for the organization and customer. Therefore, for the supply chain to provide organizational success collaboration with all users is critical because effective communicationRead MoreUsing Jit As An Operational Improvement1117 Words   |  5 Pagesstage in a production chain. In other words, using a JIT supply chain system saves storage space by minimising stock o n the premises. (Paton et al., 2011). This report makes an explorative study of the BMW’s supply chain which uses JIT as an operational improvement. The automobile supply chain needs an efficient supplier, a powerful production line, and distribution network along. The quality and delivery of supplies is a critical part of supply chains and the suppliers needs to be evaluated properlyRead MoreIs It Wise For Sandvik For Decouple The Forward And Reverse Supply Chains?1331 Words   |  6 PagesWas it wise for Sandvik to decouple the forward and reverse supply chains? How could the reverse supply chain be improved and could the firm potentially go so far as to integrate the two so that reverse logistics would not be such a separate process? In reverse logistics, the design, control, and operation of a recovery value system will reflect the whole life cycle of a product. This is the concept of closed-loop supply chains, in which zero-waste is achieved in the â€Å"forward flows of materialsRead MoreComponents Of An Integrated Logistics System930 Words   |  4 Pagesand handling Products that flow through the supply chain via transportation and warehousing are contained within packaging which protects and identifies the contents. The package is moved through the supply chain via the handling system, hence effective packaging and handling are important components of an integrated logistics system (Bowersox et al. 2013). 5.1 Packaging There are many different types and sizes of packages to move goods through the supply chain. The selection and coordination of packaging

Civic Vergement - 1038 Words

Every corporation must start somewhere meaning they must research where they want to be located. To find an appropriate location, research is necessary because they cannot just build their business wherever they want because that can be considered acts of aggression if they do not ask the community for them to be in that area. So, to avoid confrontation corporations can ask the community and give them their intent and how they are going to improve their community. With them taking the extra step of asking for help from the community, then the business will run more smoothly. Community is defined as the area in which the corporation is doing their business and usually a city, a town or the assets of an area. Having a good community to†¦show more content†¦As discussed in class with one of the videos where a company wanted to cut down trees in the community, the people protested to reserve the forest and the company did not get the rights to operate in that region With them re ceiving the license, they must community relations because their success depends on the community and for most times if a corporation is too big, they hire a community relations manager who oversees interacting with the local citizens. some of the ways in which they can interact with the community is by having an economic development, housing, aiding minority, women and disable veteran own enterprises. This can be corporate social responsibility because they are paying it forward to the community that is supporting their business or corporate giving. This is defined as companies giving out some of their assets or eve cash to the public to help them improve the public wellbeing and this usually includes volunteering. According to Fortune magazines, Walmart, wells Fargo, bank of America, ExxonMobil are the top companies known for their corporate giving. Although, these companies have faced scandals such as Walmart is known for outsourcing, well Fargo was under fire for opening fake ba nk accounts they still have customers because of their reputation of giving back to the public. Some of the different ways of corporate giving include in-kind contributions this where companies donate some of their products to the

Adidas Case Study SWOT analysis and Michael Porters Five...

Executive Summary: Adidas was the dominating manufacturer of sporting goods. It achieved this success by developing cleated shoes for the soccer and track and field sports. The landscape of the sporting goods industry has changes, but Adidas has not changed with it. Sporting good textiles and footwear have become popular with younger individuals as a substitute for casual wear. Soccer and track and field sports are no longer the mainstream sports. These sports have been replaced in market share by sports such as baseball, basketball, football, and fitness activities like aerobics. Adidas has not developed the marketing mix to compete in these sports and fitness activities. The participation by women in these sports is growing, yet Adidas†¦show more content†¦Industry The sporting goods industry consists of three segments: athletic footwear, apparel, and equipment. Athletic footwear makes up 33% of the sporting goods industry, apparel 50%, and equipment makes up the remaining market share. The three largest markets for athletic equipment are the U.S. at 50% of the market share, Western Europe at 25% of the market share, and Japan at 10% market share. An industry that had one primary market segment consisting of the serious male soccer and track athlete has now separated into several market segments containing the professional athlete, the amateur athlete, the fitness group (aerobics and cross-training), and the mass consumer who is not interested in athletics but enjoys the comfort of wearing athletic apparel. Barriers to Entry The footwear-manufacturing segment has the highest barriers to entry out of the three sporting good industry segments. In the U.S. 53% of the footwear market share is controlled by two companies- Nike and Reebok. Adidas came in at 7th place with only 4% of the U.S. market share. The competition in the industry is fierce, requiring a substantial investment in marketing to establish a successful brand. Research and development expenses are high requiring a substantial investment to develop a shoe that could provide the necessary level of comfort to compete with companies like Nike and Reebok. Substitutes ForShow MoreRelatedNike Report13324 Words   |  54 Pagesfew of its competitors; Adidas-Salomon and Reebok, Sketchers, and K-Swiss. A brief overview of Nike and its competitor’s company profiles, brand portfolios, and current developments will provide an understanding that leads to an analysis of the external environment. This analysis further discusses the geographic distribution, general environment, industry environment using Porter’s Analysis, Nike’s competitor analysis, its dominant economic characteristics, driving forces, and key success factorsRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in an y form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

Global Training and Development Trends

Question: Discuss about the Global Training and Development Trends. Answer: Introduction The paper firstly focuses on evaluating the workplace practices introduced by the new yard manager at Wollongong Yard of Top Truck Company and aims to understand whether the same are complimentary to each other. Secondly, the paper would focus on understanding the risks regarding sustaining of the changes introduced in Wollongong Yard beyond the presence of the new yard manager and also the trade union leader. Finally, it would focus on comparing the participation of blue collar unions with public or service sector unions to changes introduced in an organization. Evaluation of the New Workplace Practices The new yard manager employed by Top Trucking Companys Wollongong Yard reflected the requirement for effective communication practices with both the trade union leader and also the employees. The managers of business institutions are required to ideally focus on conducting both formal and informal communication practices with the leaders of the trade union. The engagement of trade union leaders by managers through collaborating and communicating with the former contributes in the meeting of business and institutional objectives in a joint fashion (Rozkwitalska, 2012). Moreover, the development of effective communication of managers with trade union leaders also contributes in enhancing the quality of relationships between the two parties. It would also contribute in motivating the trade union leaders for actively collaborating and working with the managers and employees and also in enhancing the productivity at the workplace. Further, the engagement of trade union leaders by managers enhances the level of participation between the parties which in turn reduces the level of resistances to new changes introduced in the business institution. It also reduces the level of internal tensions between the managers and trade unions in the organization and thus enhances the level of trust and workplace cooperation for meeting of business goals and targets (Shi Wang, 2011). Similarly, the new yard manager also focused on engaging the employees in the Wollongong Yard of Top Trucking Company such that the same contributed in growth of teamwork and coordinated practices within the firm. Development and growth of teamwork practices between managers and staffs is considered potentially effective for generation of creative and novel ideas in rendering effective solutions to emerging business problems (Podsiadlowski, Grschke, Kogler, 2013). Further, the practice of involvement of employees by managers in workplaces ideally helps in gaining needed feedbacks from the former relating to new changes and policies introduced in the firm(Olsen Martins, 2012). It would also encourage the employees for disclosing problems faced by them at the workplaces and thus would enhance cooperation between the managers and staffs in meeting of business goals and objectives. Improved levels of communication between the managers and employees in the organization rightly helps in enhancing the performance levels and also the quality of work performed in the institution (Ferdman Sagiv, 2012). Further, the new manager employed at Wollongong Yard focus on improving the health and safety of employees in the firm through generation of training programs associated to technical and customer servicing parameters is also considered to be highly relevant. The development of such training programs by the new manager in the firm would contribute in enhancement of workplace productivity through reducing the chances of accidents and also in reducing the level of absenteeism of employees in the institution (Khanaki Hassanzadeh, 2010). Further, the incorporation of such training programs by the managers in the organization also would contribute in enhancement of the knowledge and expertise of the staffs in the firm for meeting of institutional objectives and goals in an effective fashion (Ongori Nzonzo, 2011). The chances of reduction of accidents and absenteeism of staffs at the workplace would contribute in reducing the level of manpower and business cost for the firm. It would help in reducing the need for the organization in recruiting new staffs in the firm and thereby would contribute in enhancing the level of trust and corporate citizenship in the organization (Ongori Nzonzo, 2011). The different activities undertaken by the new manager Wollongong Yard like the enhancement of communication practices with the trade union leaders and staffs, growth of teamwork between the different hierarchical levels and also the incorporation of skill enhancement and customer services training programs are observed to be complimentary to each other. The above activities increased the growth of trust and dependence of the drivers on the management such that they highly supported the activities undertaken by the manager like the introduction of new trucks and uniforms. It also increased the level of respect of the staffs towards the new manager (Olsen Martins, 2012). Similarly, the enhancement of communication practices between the manager and the trade union leader, George also contributed in sharing effective information associated with the yards performance. Increased consultation between the manager and the trade union leader potentially helped in earning new ideas for meetin g the objectives of the organization in a productive fashion (Ferdman Sagiv, 2012). The results of new practices undertaken by the new manager rightly helped Top Trucking in earning new contracts and also in successfully meeting the different benchmarks in an effective fashion (Bhatia Kaur, 2014). Risks to Sustaining the Changes The changes introduced by the new manager in Wollongong Yard need to be effectively sustained in Top Trucking Company irrespective of the presence of the George, the trade union leader and the newly appointed yard manager. The successful implementation of change in the firm requires the changes to be effectively planned, organised, directed and also rightly controlled by the management in the firm (Shi Wang, 2011). The change leader in the firm is also required for the development of a new vision and strategic framework for the firm and also in development of an effective organizational culture that would encourage the sharing of values, vision and mission objectives while also rightly motivating, empowering and also in potentially inspiring the potential stakeholders in the firm. The new manager is thus required to formulate an effective vision that would reflect the benefits of the new changes introduced in the firm (Rozkwitalska, 2012). Mission objectives are also required to hig hlight new directions for the organizational members for successful implementation of the changes introduced and thereby to reap the potential benefits. The change manager or leader is also required to rightly share the vision and mission objectives with both the existing and new staffs in the organization (Nilson, 2010). Further, the change leader or the new manager is also required to effectively motivate and inspire the staff and thereby in aligning staffs with like intellectual and emotional potential for meeting the business objectives. Along with sharing new vision and mission guidelines and objectives the new manager and George are required to rightly empower the organizational members for being actively involved with the change process. It would help in development of new leaders and supervisors in the firm that can further help in continuing with the implementation and sustaining potential changes introduced in the Wollongong Yard (Olsen Martins, 2012). Blue Collar Unions vs. Service Sector Unions The blue collar unions generally refer to the small trade unions like the Transport Workers Union as reflected in the case of Wollongong Yard of Top Trucking Company. These small unions to take active part in the change management process of the organization are required to be ideally trained and empowered by the change leaders of the institution. Here, also it is observed that the new manager of the Yard operating as the change leader continually interacted with the trade union leader and also the other staffs for implementing the new changes (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). On the contrary, the public or service sector unions are generally identified to be larger union bodies. These union bodies take active participation in the change management program of the institution based on formulation of training modules for the union members (Slavi? et al., 2014). These unionized bodies interact with the top management of the firm and thereby gain effective insights needed for training the instit utional members and in introducing the employees to the new vision and mission objectives of the firm. It is thus observed that Blue Collar Unions are less engaged compared to the public or service sector unions regarding change management initiatives of the firm (Dartey-Baah, 2013). Conclusions The analysis carried out in the paper ideally reflects that the different change management initiatives undertaken by the new manager at Wollongong Yard of Top Truck Company were complimentary to each other in enhancing workplace productivity and in motivating the staffs with the trade union leader. It also reflected on the importance of an effective change leadership model such that the same would contribute in sustaining the change ideology in the Wollongong Yard unaffected by the future moves of the new manager and George. Finally, the paper reflected that blue collar union leaders are less involved in the change management process of the firm compared to public or service sector unions. References Bhatia, A., Kaur, L. (2014). Global Training Development trends Practices: An Overview. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology , 3 (8), 75-78. Dartey-Baah, K. (2013). The Cultural Approach to the Management of the International Human Resource: An Analysis of Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions. International Journal of Business Administration , 4 (2), 39-45. Ferdman, B. M., Sagiv, L. (2012). Diversity in Organizations and Cross-Cultural Work Psychology: What If They Were More Connected? Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice , 5 (3), 1-51. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and Development Program and its Benefits to Employee and Organization: A Conceptual Study. European Journal of Business and Management , 5 (2), 243-252. Khanaki, H., Hassanzadeh, N. (2010). Conflict Management Styles: The Iranian General Preference Compared to the Swedish. International Journal of Innovation , 1 (4), 419-426. Nilson, L. B. (2010). Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors. United Kingdom : John Wiley and Sons. Olsen, J. E., Martins, L. L. (2012). Understanding organizational diversity management programs: A theoretical framework and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 33 (8), 1168-1187. Ongori, H., Nzonzo, J. C. (2011). Training and development practices in an organisation: an intervention to enhance organisational effectiveness.. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences , 2 (4), 187-198. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 37, 159-175. Rozkwitalska, M. (2012). Accepted and strong organisational culture in multinational corporations . Journal of Intercultural Management , 4 (3), 5-14. Shi, X., Wang, J. (2011). Interpreting Hofstede Model and Globe Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research . nternational Journal of Business and Management , 6 (5), 93-99. Slavi?, A., Berber, N., Lekovi?, B. (2014). Performance management in international human resource management: evidence from the cee region. Serbian Journal of Management , 9 (1), 45-58.

Predictors Of Husband To Wife Violence Essays - Abnormal Psychology

Predictors Of Husband To Wife Violence Critical Analysis of Journal Article Article: Feldbau-Khon, S., Heyman, R., and O'Leary, K. (1998). Major depressive disorder and depressive symptomatology as predictors of husband to wife physical abuse. Violence and Victims, 13, 347-359. Introduction The work of Feldbau-Khon, S., Heyman, R., and O'Leary, K. is described in the article, ?Major Depressive Disorder and Depressive Symptomatology as Predictors of Husband to Wife Physical Aggression.? The authors tested the link between a husband's depressive symptomatology and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife. Also tested was the husband's Major Depressive Disorder and the frequency of physical aggression towards his wife. The authors had four hypotheses. 1: Clinically depressed men are more physically aggressive. 2: Depressive symptomatology is associated with frequency of physical aggression. 3: Depressive symptomatology effects on physical aggression are accounted for by other variables. 4: Depressive symptomatology effects on psychological aggression are accounted for by other variables. The study assessed physically aggressive men who volunteered for treatment with their wives. Participants responded to newspaper announcements offering free therapy for relationship conflicts. All spouses completed three-hour assessments consisting of structured interviews and self-report measures. Almost one third had moderate levels of depressive symptomatology, but only 11% met the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Although a significant relationship between increased depressive symptomatology and frequency of physical aggression was found, the relationship was most likely accounted for by self- reported anger. Weaknesses One weakness with this study is the makeup of the sample. The racial composition of the sample was 1.3% Black, 1.3% Asian, and 97% White. No Hispanics were included in the study although Hispanic men are also sometimes very violent to their wives. The sample should have had more diversity, not be made up almost entirely of Whites. Some races are more naturally violent than others are because its part of their culture. Using mostly whites in this study taints it because different depression could be a major factor affecting the physical violence of whites but perhaps not men of other races. Another weakness of this study is that it is never mentioned whether or not any of the subjects were taking any sort of medication. Many types of medications, for example any type Serotonin inhibitor, can affect violent behavior. The fact that the subjects were volunteers raises an issue. The participants responded to an advertisement for free therapy for relationship conflicts. These people wanted help. They were not ordered by the court to obtain therapy. This may suggest that they somehow have a different frame of mind than others who might not seek help, therefore, we cannot make accurate assumptions about the results of the study. Another issue one must take into consideration is that the participants completed a three-hour assessment for which they were not being paid for. They could have become tired, annoyed, bored, or frustrated. This could have affected their answers to the questions asked in the interview to determine whether or not they had MDD. They could also have not been revealing their true selves in the self-report. The interviews were conducted by grad students and a research assistant, not by the actual researchers or by doctors. There is a possibility they could have overlooked things a professional with more experience would have caught. Strengths of the Article One of the strengths of this article is that it stresses the possibility of outside factors affecting the physical violence. An example of this kind of variable is self-reported anger. A relationship where one person is depressed may in fact be a very chaotic relationship where anger and frustration can result in violence. In this case, the violence is may not be a direct result of the depression; instead it may result from the anger and frustration or marital discord that may accompany depression. The study recognizes that there are other factors of life that can affect the physical violence. Conclusion Although the study has its weaknesses, it is still a valuable learning tool. The study is consistent with other studies that have emphasized the role of anger in regard to husband-to-wife physical aggression. Much more research still has to be done to better understand the connection between MDD and husband-to-wife physical aggression. With every study performed, we come closer to realizing