Understanding Diversity to Optimize Patient Care Essay

Our perceptions about diversity and multiculturalism are rooted in our cultural experiences. The article mentions an example of Allen who worked with Vietnam war survivors. The survivors were looking for government benefits instead of treatment. The problem with this is that is psychiatrics had not yet invented a diagnosis for PTSD. Allen knew there was a reasonable explination of their behavior. Veterans were always nice and lgical until the war which made things more challenging. It was the veterans who came up with the the behaviors listed in the DSM. Recently members of the milatary suggested the term PTSR since it was because of the environment instead of themselves. However, the new name keeps veterns from getting the they need.†¦show more content†¦The best way to do this is to learn about groups different from yoursand recognize your limitations and the need to refer clients on occasion. This also helps the way a person discusses issues and problems. We should be aware if the problem resides in the individual or the environment. We should also improve our awareness, knowledge, and skills to work with clients who are culturally different from you. It should be our lifetime task to avoid stereotyping any group or individual while trying to learn as much as possible anout various cultural groups. Also keep in mind that everyone is unique. Worldview is how people view humanity and the world. We should listen to the client and respect their worldview. Diversity is endemic to races and ethnicities. Race, religion, ability, disability will always be important to learn more about our widely diverse populations. We also need to give special attention to how socioeconomic ractors, racism, sexism, heterosexism, and other oppressive forces may influence a clients worldview. We should increase our own awareness, knowledge, and skills to understand our clients point of view. Attend and listen to undersyand and learn the worldview of others as they tell y ou their stories. Be mindful of the history of the culture bias and impact of discrimination on the client. Over time we will expand our knowledge and skills withShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Islam Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, the author analyzes the similarities and differences between Christianity and Islam and how to apply this learning to optimize the health outcomes of patients whose belief systems differ from that of the health care provider. The worldviews of both religions are researched, generating a comparison of their different belief systems. It is confirmed that critical components of religion such as prayer, scripture reading, connection to spirituality and meditation can be used as religiousRead MoreReview of Literature1273 Words   |  6 Pageshealth care issue that should be implemented by all members of the health care team (Hosseini, Torab, Taghdisi, Vardanjani, 2013). Nurses play a critical role in health promotion for patients, family, and community because we provide direct patient care and are able to see the whole picture of the client’s situation. The population of people with chronic illness is increasing and the health care needs of clients is trending in an upward fashion (Jadelhack, 2012). As members of the health care fieldRead MoreThe Population Profile Of Australia1396 Words   |  6 Pagescreated impacting changes to how health care in Australia is to be delivered in the near future (Charlesworth, 2015). High rates of obesity, diabetes, heart diseases and poor life style choices such as smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, add to an existing crisis that imposes more pressure on an overworked healthcare system (Willcox, 2014). Future challenges for health industry leaders are to develop strategies, for delivery of inclusive and accessible health care (Council Of Australian GovernmentsRead MoreNursing Philosophy784 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest potential for positive outcomes for the client. For me, patient safety and comfort are always a priority. Whether I am checking the patient’s ID tag, that the bed is locked in the appropriate position, or implementing the procedures for medication administration, I take none of these basic functions for granted and give them my full attention to detail, safety, and quality; always keeping the concern and care for the patient at the center of my philosophy and my actions. I strongly believeRead MoreBecoming An Intellectual And Competent Nurse1600 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing assistant trainee, and being part of a patient’s family make up the foundation of my personal nursing philosophy. Furthermore, I am aware that self-care, empathy, culture, communication, advocacy and education are some of the most significant factors that all individuals should be informed of before choosing a career path in the health care setting. I will also take account of the knowledge I have obtained from class lectures and personal experiences and apply what I have learned into my nursingRead MoreEthnolinguistics, Diversity, and Social Justice935 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The word diversity seems to mean something different to many people, but is typically meant as a variety or a mixture (differences in practices, appearances, ideals). The word diversity has been used to highlight the fact that there are significant personal, dispositional, and cultural difference s between many of the individuals in this society. In many cases (but not all) the view has been that society should learn to respect these differences as opposed to try to assimilate them (NicholsonRead MoreThe Role Of Nurse Practitioner1749 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the increasing complex health care system is a constant changing role with the Consensus Model and the introduction of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The scope of the nurse practitioner (NP) includes the care of the young, the old, the sick and the well. The educational needs of a nurse practitioner vary greatly from that of a Registered Nurse (RN), in the amount of education as well as the focus of the education. NPs provide coordinated primary care with the use of comprehensive healthRead MoreA Comparison Assessment Of Leadership Competencies1396 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach since decisions are made absent of all constraints such as information, time, and human limitations. The healthcare leader using willful choice assures that the quantity, quality, accuracy and integrity of information is valid in order to optimize a decision outcome. Training Leaders and Training Staff Leadership development and training is more complex than straightforward staff training and involves teaching effective planning, situational assessment, and decision making skills. OrganizationsRead MoreGERIATRIC ASSESSMENT: MALNUTRITION989 Words   |  4 Pagesinfection. Psychosocial factors can be divided into two sub-categories psychological – depression, mental retardation, alcoholism, and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the socio-economical category, which includes social isolation, poverty, cultural diversity, and an inability to access food, either due to physical disability or absence of transportation. Assessment of all these factors should be done thoroughly and routinely for older people a population to identify existing or potential problems relatedRead MoreSocial Workers : A Medical Social Worker Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesat the Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center (SACC) in primary care. She’s been a medical social worker for over thirteen-years and expresses that she loves what she does. This paper will discuss Lexi’s role in her department, role of the interdisciplinary practice, discuss the NASW code of ethics, and review which care management models/brief interventions are being utilized at the VA. Interdisciplinary Setting The SACC is an outpatient clinic that provides patient care to service members, veterans

Definition and Examples of Evidence in Argument

In argument, evidence refers to facts, documentation or testimony  used to strengthen a claim, support an argument or reach a conclusion. The evidence isnt the same as proof. Whereas evidence allows for professional judgment, the proof is absolute and incontestable,  said Denis Hayes in Learning and Teaching in Primary Schools.   Observations About Evidence Without evidence to support them, any statements you make in your writing have little or no value; theyre simply opinions, and 10 people may have 10 different opinions, none of which is more valid than the others unless there is clear and potent evidence to support it. Neil Murray, Writing Essays in English Language and Linguistics,  2012When conducting empirical research, the researchers primary responsibility is to provide evidence to support his or her claim about the relationship between the variables described in the research hypothesis. T]he researcher must collect data that will convince us of the accuracy of his or her predictions. Bart L. Weathington et al., Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences,  2010 Making Connections David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen comment on making connections that leave out the steps that lead to them in 2009s Writing Analytically.  Ã‚   A common assumption about evidence is that is is the stuff that proves Im right. Although this way of thinking about evidence is not wrong, it is much too limited. Corroboration (proving the validity of a claim) is one of the functions of evidence, but not the only one. Writing well means sharing your thought process with your readers, telling them why you believe the evidence means what you say it does. Writers who think that evidence speaks for itself often do very little with their evidence except put it next to their claims: The party was terrible: There was no alcohol -- or, alternatively, The party was great: There was no alcohol. Just juxtaposing the evidence with the claim leaves out the thinking that connects them, thereby implying that the logic of the connection is obvious. But even for readers prone to agreeing with a given claim, simply pointing to the evidence is not enough.   Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence Julie M. Farrar defines two kinds of evidence in Evidence:  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition,  from 2006. The mere presence of information does not constitute evidence; the informative statements must be accepted as evidence by an audience and believed by it to be relevant to the claim at issue. Evidence can be generally classified as qualitative and quantitative. The former emphasizes explanation and description, appearing continuous rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement and prediction. Both kinds of information require interpretation, for at no time do the facts speak for themselves. Opening the Door In Evidence: Practice Under the Rules from  1999, Christopher B. Mueller and Laird C. Kirkpatrick discuss evidence as it relates to trial law. The more far-reaching effect of introducing evidence [in a trial] is to pave the way for other parties to introduce evidence, question witnesses and offer argument on the subject in attempts to rebut or confine the initial evidence. In the customary phrase, the party who offers evidence on a point is said to have opened the door, meaning that the other side may now make countermoves to answer or rebut the initial evidence, fighting fire with fire. Dubious Evidence In  Not on the Doctor’s Checklist, but Touch Matters from 2010 in The New York Times, Danielle Ofri discusses findings called evidence that isnt actually valid. [I]s there any research to show that a physical exam -- in a healthy person -- is of any benefit? Despite a long and storied tradition, a physical exam is more a habit than a clinically proven method of picking up the disease in asymptomatic people. There is scant evidence to suggest that routinely listening to every healthy person’s lungs or pressing on every normal person’s liver will find a disease that wasn’t suggested by the patient’s history. For a healthy person, an abnormal finding on a physical exam is more likely to be a false positive than a real sign of illness. Other Examples of Dubious Evidence America must not ignore the threat gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the final proof, the smoking gun that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud. President George W. Bush, in justifying the invasion of Iraq in 2003  We have it. The smoking gun. The evidence. The potential weapon of mass destruction we have been looking for as our pretext of invading Iraq. Theres just one problem: its in North Korea. Jon Stewart, The Daily Show, 2005

Does Happiness Bring Consequences - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 666 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Happiness Essay Did you like this example? How do you feel about the pursuit of happiness? Have you ever done something that made you happy but you thought about how it might effect others? Well, with the pursuit of happiness it basically says that when we do something we have to look at the end results of the overall happiness and how it will make others lives better. I think that with the pursuit of happiness is valid where the greatest happiness is for the greater good. With that being said it makes sense as to why you can make 5 people happy appose to one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Does Happiness Bring Consequences?" essay for you Create order With the book it mentioned euthanasia and the treatment of nonhuman animals. Later on I bring up life line/life support. In the book it mentions this examaple about euthanasia and how we based this decision with morality. Whether it was right or wrong with what the personal physician did. Sigmuund Freud had oral cancer and it got to the point where he was in no condition to get operated on and he was just a living corpse just slowly roting. So when his friend brought the physician and had the physician put Frued out of his misery. He was logically thinking about his friend and how he didnt want him to suffer any longer. But with the knowledge of knowing our culture we know that with what Max Schur did it was considered wrong no matter the circumstance. Under Christianity it is believed that intentionally killing of innocent himan beings is always wrong. which is morally right depending on the situation. Granted now in days its much more different, but I believe that when he did what he did I didnt think it was entirely wrong. But this does go to another view point that is a whole new topic. For example, what about when a family has to pull the plug on life support? Its a thought that actually makes you think. I know that at the hospital that I intern at they have DNR papers that patients have to fill out. DNR stands for Do Not Resuscitate. In addition to euthanasia the other example was nonhuman animals, which means that treating animals the same way you treat people. I dont disagree with this because everyliving, breathing, creature should be treated fairly. For example with my dog I treat her as if she is a person. I dont hit her, harm her ,or anything, I end up spoiling her to the full extent. I feel as though the case and circumstance is different when it comes to animals being used as a food source. Opposed to when people use animals for rodeos and circuses, for when theyre used for fighting. In America there are a numerous amount of known events that people use animals for entertainment. For example horse racing, dog fights, and rooster fights believe it or not. According to this article by ThePurpleWorld -Of-Tiyi.over-Blog when animals are used for entertainment it says, Animals used for entertainment are often abused and exploited. They may be chained or confined for more than 11 hours. They are sometimes deprived of food.. When I read this article I didnt know the entire story behind it. But when I continued to read it, the author made some valid points, which conteract how I feel. Yes I agree with the author but the points made only counteract my example that I discussed earlier. Work Cited: Aleccia, JoNel. Pulling the Plug: ICU Culture Key to Life or Death Decision. NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 21 May 2013, www.nbcnews.com/healthmain/pulling-plug-icu-culture-key-life-or-death-decision-6C10016643. Ayeva, Tiyi. Using Animals for Entertainment. TIYI AYEVA, 4 Apr. 2015, thepurpleworld-of-tiyi.over-blog.com/2015/04/using-animals-for-entertainment.html. Greene, CrashCourse, John. Utilitarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #36. YouTube, YouTube, 21 Nov. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a739VjqdSIt=86s. Rachels, Stuart, and James Rachels. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill Education, 2019. Stahl, Justin. Is It Time to Pull the Plug on ?Brain Death? Center for Law, Brain and Behavior, 16 May 2014, clbb.mgh.harvard.edu/is-it-time-to-pull-the-plug-on-brain-death/.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 907 Words

What can a character that lived in 1700s Italy have in common with a teenager in the 1960s? Though it may seem impossible Edgar Allan Poe’s character Montresor in The Cask of Amontillado shares similar characteristics to John Updike’s AP teenage Sammy. Both of these characters share sarcastic tendencies and a need to make a name of himself. Though, each man differs in the way he goes about making that name. While Montresor decides murder is the way, Sammy quits his job to be noticed. One way that Montresor and Sammy are similar is that they are both extremely sarcastic. While Montresor’s sarcasm tends to be on the ironic side and Sammy’s is making fun of the customers it is very apparent that they think they are better. Montresor clearly believes that he is better than Fortunato and deserves a better life than he. He points out that Fortunato is wearing a fools hat which merrily jingles as Fortunato is lead to his death. This fools cap seems to be fitting as Fortunato is represented as being a fool. Montresor says that he was a sham in all other subjects except â€Å"in the matter of old wines he was sincere†(Poe 1341). Fortunato also never seems to notice that Montresor was angry with him and willingly walked into his own death trap for a taste of rare wine. Montresor’s irony shows more and more as they go deeper into the catacombs. While walking Fortunato dissolves into a fit of coughing and protests turning around saying â€Å"I shall not die of a cough.† â€Å"True – true,† IShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

The Importance of Birth Control Essay - 1035 Words

Introduction: Many women complain about birth control because they don’t want to get fat. That to me sounds ridiculous because either you gain a little weight by taking birth control or you gain a lot when you actually become pregnant. So if you don’t want to put your life on hold then I suggest you think of methods to avoid becoming pregnant. I’m not saying it’s bad to be pregnant but it all comes at its own time and you don’t want to be surprised one day and find out you’re going to be a young or single parent. Birth control has its benefits and you should explore your options before it’s too late. Birth control, also called contraceptives, is a method of preventing pregnancy. They work in different ways and are taken at†¦show more content†¦Another method you can use is the vaginal ring. It’s made of flexible plastic and is place inside your vagina for only 3 weeks and must be removed for a week to produce regular pe riods. There’s also a diaphragm which is made of rubber and looks like a dome. It covers the cervix and helps prevent the sperm from fertilizing an egg. One of the methods that you least have to worry about is the IUD. It’s placed in your uterus and it helps prevent the sperm from reaching the egg. There 99% effective and can be used up to 5 to 10 years depending on which one you want. You don’t have to worry about taking it every day and only needs to be checked once a month to ensure that the device is still in your uterus. Condoms help in preventing pregnancy if used correctly. They are made from soft plastic and helps protect against STD’s. The condom also acts as a barrier so the sperm does not enter the uterus. This method is only used when you need it and are convenient to take with you. The Patch releases hormones which keep the eggs from leaving the ovaries. Without an egg there can’t be a pregnancy. For women who don’t want to have babies anymore or if the never want to have a baby there’s a sterilization option. You can undergo either tubal ligation which is a surgical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes from carrying eggs to the uterus or tubal implants which is a nonsurgical technique in which a small coilShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Birth Control1349 Words   |  6 PagesShould birth control be accessible to women? Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effective ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increase use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreThe Importance Of Birth Control818 Words   |  4 PagesHow has birth control benefited us today? In the pa st, many women were constantly having unwanted pregnancies because they did not know how to prevent it. There are many people today that have more than 10 siblings because they’re parents didn’t have knowledge of birth control to help take care of themselves. The Comstock act of 1873 was passed in the United States which prohibited to spread any knowledge of birth control. Birth control was a controversial idea because there were people that didRead MoreImportance Of Birth Control In The 21st Century1423 Words   |  6 PagesBirth control is a vital necessity in the 21st century for various reason. This paper is about taking a proactive stance for birth control, sex education and condoms, before conception mainly to promote a healthy society. It is needed more responsibly in the 21st century for a healthier society to thrive and grow at a rate that is not explosive. Birth control is not a new subject in matter compared to the 18th and 19th century methods which was ra rely discussed but practiced and abstinence just wasRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Center for Disease Control or the CDC website teen pregnancy and birth rates have been steadily decreasing since early 1990. In 2015 it was reported that in females between the ages of 15-17 only 22 off 1,000 births were reported (TEEN PREGNANCY LOWEST ON RECORD, 2017). Although the rates are steadily dropping, the U.S. still has a much higher rate of teen age pregnancies to those of other developed countries. Canada only reports 13 per 1,000 in teen births ranging from 15-19 years of ageRead MoreBirth Control : A Controversial Topic Since The 1960 S1718 Words   |  7 PagesBirth control has been a controversial topic since the 1960’s, when the pill arose on the scene and gained popularity. Men and women of certain religious faiths have sought to prevent other women from using birth control. However, most women want to be able to c hoose when the time is right for them to have a child. This is why birth control is essential, because it allows women and couples in general the freedom to choose and plan their families. In many cases the need to control women by controllingRead MoreAnalysis Of Abortion By Jennifer Davis1137 Words   |  5 PagesHailey Vadnais Women Left Behind by the Reproductive Rights Movement Two feminist readings, â€Å"Abortion† by Jennifer Saul and â€Å"Racism, Birth Control, and Reproductive Rights† by Angela Davis, both cover the important feminist topics of abortion and reproductive rights, but in different ways. Though very alike, the pieces are different in important ways, as they both bring ideas to the table that work in tandem with each other, as I will discuss below. In this paper, I will cover the differenceRead MoreEssay about The Importance of the Army in Spartan Society.785 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of the army in Spartan society: The entire Spartan society revolved around the army, essentially making it the key aspect of Spartan life and culture. The army influenced areas such as education and social structure as well as being the most important defence of Sparta in both combat and reputation. After an embarrassing defeat at the battle of Hysiai Sparta went through great military change, these changes dramatically changed all other areas of Spartan life, turning Sparta intoRead MoreMoral Objections Of Birth Control Coverage868 Words   |  4 Pages2015 Moral Objections to Birth Control Coverage As human beings, we get involved in sexual relationships. When it comes to topics of sex a lot of people have their right and wrong reasons. Birth control is a controversial concept in which individuals in sexual relationships deal with on a daily basis. A person with more religious and moral values will say birth control is unacceptable depending on the religion. Not all religions are anti birth control. Birth control is a major controversyRead MoreMargaret Sanger Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesher life to acquiring the right for women to prevent pregnancies through the use of contraceptives. After years of dedication and hard work, Margaret Sanger not only accomplished what she had hoped for-making people understand the importance and necessity of birth control, but also accomplishes something greater by extending womens rights as well. In a society where it was considered inappropriate for girls to know about their anatomy and its functions, let alone talk and read about it, MargaretRead MoreA Visit At The Bakersfield College Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I would like to discuss was with my 21 years old Native American female and her newborn son in her home. The purpose of this home visit was to check how the infant was doing because he was in the NICU after birth to rule out sepsis and also to check how the mother was doing after the birth of her first child. She lives in her parent’s house with her siblings and boyfriend, and total seven people live in that house. The new mother is currently is not working, but she is taking classes at the Bakersfield

Cost of Opportunity free essay sample

Assuming the best choice is made, it is the cost incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would be had by taking the second best choice available. [1] The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics, and has been described as expressing the basic relationship between scarcity and choice. [2] The notion of opportunity cost plays a crucial part in ensuring that scarce resources are used efficiently. [3] Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered opportunity costs. Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Opportunity costs in consumption 3 Opportunity costs in production 3. 1 Explicit costs Implicit costs 4 Non-monetary opportunity costs 5 Evaluation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links History [edit] The term was coined in 1914 by Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser in his book Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Wirtschaft. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost of Opportunity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [4] It was first described in 1848 by French classical economist Frederic Bastiat in his essay What Is Seen and What Is Not Seen. Opportunity costs in consumption [edit] Opportunity cost may be expressed in terms of anything which is of value. For example, an individual might decide to use a period of vacation time for  travel rather than to do household repairs. The opportunity cost of the trip could be said to be the forgone home renovation. [citation needed] Opportunity costs in production [edit] Opportunity costs may be assessed in the decision-making process of production. If the workers on a farm can produce either one million pounds of wheat or two million pounds of barley, then the opportunity cost of producing one pound of wheat is the two pounds of barley forgone (assuming the production possibilities frontier is linear). Firms would make rational decisions by weighing the sacrifices involved. Explicit costs [edit] Explicit costs are opportunity costs that involve direct monetary payment by producers. The opportunity cost of the factors of production not already owned by a producer is the price that the producer has to pay for them. For instance, a firm spends $100 on electrical power consumed, their opportunity cost is $100. The firm has sacrificed $100, which could have been spent on other factors of production. Implicit costs [edit] Implicit costs are the opportunity costs in factors of production that a producer already owns. They are equivalent to what the factors could earn for the firm in alternative uses, either operated within the firm or rent out to other firms. For example, a firm pays $300 a month all year for rent on a warehouse that only holds product for six months each year. The firm could rent the warehouse out for the unused six months, at any price (assuming a year-long lease requirement), and that would be the cost that could be spent on other factors of production. Non-monetary opportunity costs [edit] Opportunity costs are not always monetary units or being able to produce one good over another. The opportunity cost can also be unknown, or spawn a series of infinite sub opportunity costs. For instance, an individual could choose not to ask a girl out on a date, in an attempt to make her more interested (playing hard to get), but the opportunity cost could be that they get ignored which could result in other opportunities being lost. Evaluation [edit] Note that opportunity cost is not the sum of the available alternatives when those alternatives are, in turn, mutually exclusive to each other – it is the value of the next best use. The opportunity cost of a citys decision to build the hospital on its vacant land is the loss of the land for a sporting center, or the inability to use the land for a parking lot, or the money which could have been made from selling the land. Use for any one of those purposes would preclude the possibility to implement any of the other. See also [edit] Economics portal Budget constraint Economic value added Opportunity cost of capital Parable of the broken window Production-possibility frontier There Aint No Such Thing As A Free Lunch Time management Trade-off

Tutor Marked for Summative Evaluation Proposal-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theTutor Marked for Summative Evaluation Proposal. Answer: Introduction Research is an instrumental part of understanding social issues. However, conducting sociological investigations is a challenging task because of the dynamic attribute of the society. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), it is vital for researchers to adopt research designs that aim at eradicating partiality. Although Rubin and Babbie (2016) point out that it is impossible to have a perfect research design, it is essential to ensure that the research outcomes and interpretations are valid and reliable. This summative evaluation proposal analyzes the research bias in adopting the one group pretest-posttest design proposed and suggests a suitable approach to attain the directors directives. Research Bias in Adopting One Group Pretest-Posttest Design The one group pretest-posttest design is widely applied because of its simplicity and time consciousness. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), this methodology entails measuring the dependent variable in a single group in a pretest, then, administering the trial stimuli and post-measuring the dependent variable in the posttest. The image below is an illustration of how a one group pretest-posttest method operates. Source: (Rubin Babbie, 2016,p. 254) However, scholars have disparaged this procedure claiming that it is biased. Particularly, the one group pretest-posttest framework has been faulted for its bias and threats to internal validity. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), the one group pretest-posttest design fails to consider other factors that affect research outcome other than the stimuli utilized in the study. Logically, the society is not static. In this respect, there is a high possibility of externalities altering the observations. For instance, in the case of the community program, externalities like prior knowledge, an interaction between study subjects, and employers preferences can affect the employability skills evaluation and time taken to secure a job. Additionally, the method compromises internal validity. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), internal validity in this methodology is affected by maturation, testing, and instrumentation. Maturation refers to the alteration in observations due to changes in time. There are some employability skills which develop with time. For example, a skill like communication evolves with time. In this respect, since the one group pretest-posttest method lacks a control group, it is impossible to rule out the effect of maturation on the research outcomes. On the other hand, the act of giving the study group a pretest can have a significant implication on the posttest results. For example, taking an employability skills test for the second time can cause an improved performance which might not be due to the effectiveness of the training program. A person taking a test for the second time is likely to score higher than one who is tackling it for the first time. Instrumentation is another factor that imposes bias and lowers internal validity when using a one group pretest-posttest method. The instruments used to make the observations are essential in exhibiting the effect of the stimuli on the study subject. For instance, in the case of the community assessment, the people who will be offering the training are not the ones giving out the employment. In this respect, the variation in skills required by different employers can affect the results of the study. Since the one group pretest-posttest method lacks randomization, it entails assignment bias. Consequently, this research design will not be sufficient in addressing the two research objectives outlined for the community assessment study. Recommended Design The posttest-only control group research design is the best method for this assessment. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), the posttest-only control group method provides optimum control for threats to internal validity by randomly assigning the study participants to experimental and control groups. Notably, the control group was lacking in the one group pretest-post test approach. The essence of having a control group is to make comparisons of the effects of the treatment applied to the study subjects. Additionally, the random allocation of the study subjects minimizes the selection bias. For example, in the community study, participants will be randomly allocated to the groups. The reason for randomizing group allocation is to come up with varied study participants. In fact, the posttest-only control group design addresses almost all the bias and internal validity concerns raised while using the one group pretest-posttest strategy. Firstly, Rubin and Babbie (2016) point out that the posttest-only control group framework solves the maturation issues. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), if the maturation can influence the study observations, then, it should be influential in both the experimental and the control groups. Since the maturation effect is observed in both groups, its effects on the study outcomes and interpretation become insignificant. Additionally, randomization eliminates any significant differences between the experimental and control groups. In this respect, both groups are regarded as equal before the application of the training program. Moreover, Rubin and Babbie (2016) posit that since random assignment is used in the posttest-only control group research design, statistical regression effects are suppressed. In the posttest-only control group design, bias introduced by the pretest is eliminated. As earlier elaborated, pretesting can have a significant impact on how the study subjects respond to the posttest. In this case, the posttest-only control group method ensures that all the changes observed in the study emanate from the effects of the stimuli applied. Furthermore, for the community study objectives, it is impossible to pretest some of the activities. For instance, it is challenging to pretest time used to find employment. Consequently, using the posttest-only control group design eradicates these comp lications. Assumptions in Implementing the Posttest-only Control Group Design In any research study, it is difficult to control all the factors that can alter the outcomes. Particularly, in social studies which occur in uncontrolled environments, researchers must make some assumption in their studies. Unlike laboratory- based experiments where all conditions can be controlled, the society is more complex to manage. In the posttest-only control group study, it is assumed that the random assignment of subjects removes any significant initial variations between the experimental and control groups(Rubin Babbie, 2016). Remember, all research studies are supposed to be impartial, and randomization is used to pursue this course.Additionally, in this method, its is assumed that any interactions between the two study groups will not have significant implications on the result. In a community set-up, one cannot completely restrict the interaction between the study subjects. Cultural Competence and Ethics In Evaluation Study When dealing with individuals from varying cultural backgrounds, it is vital to observe the appropriate cultural competency and ethical standards. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), cultural competence implies being conscious of and responding appropriately to how cultural variations and factors influence research and its interpretations. The person conducting an investigation should appreciate that cultures differ and people attach value to their cultures. In this respect, all the tools and procedures that are utilized in conducting social research must illustrate high levels of cultural competence and ethics. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), involving sufficient and representative participants from minority and oppressed population is one of the ways of illustrating cultural competency. Researchers should not discriminate a given section of a population. Instead, researchers should focus on attaining equality when selecting their study subjects. With scientists striving at attaining both internal and external validity in their studies, it is essential to use study subjects that reflect the diverse attributes of the community. In this respect, this evaluation study will ensure that its participants reflect the status of the community. Additionally, the assessment will avoid any elements ethnocentrism. The use of cultural stereotypes introduces bias and affects the validity of research outcomes. Additionally, before conducting the evaluation, it will be vital to seek permission from the community leaders and members. Seeking the consent of the participating community is a crucial way of ensuring that a study agrees with ethical standards (Rubin Babbie, 2016). Apart from ensuring equality and seeking the consent of the community, this evaluation will also use approved methodologies to address its objectives. According to Rubin and Babbie (2016), ethically oriented studies should use methods that are acceptable in the field of practice. In this respect, the evaluation will utilize internationally recognized research methods and maintain the confidentiality of involved subjects. The evaluation will take several actions to ensure that it is conducted in a way that is sensitive and appropriate for low-income families. Firstly, the participants will be adequately compensated during the research period. Secondly, transportation will be provided for all the participating individuals during the assessment period. Additionally, the ministry will source for employers where the members can apply for employment after the evaluation period. The evaluation will also be designed in a way that it does not harm the participants healthwise. Finally, the ministry will offer additional insight to the community members on ways of increasing their income. Importantly, all these strategies are directed towards improving the economic position of the participating community. Conclusion Conclusively, it is essential to use research methods that optimize validity and reliability. Despite the one group pretest-posttest approach using limited resources, it compromises internal validity. In this respect, using the posttest-only control group design will ensure that the observations are valid. Furthermore, the evaluation will comply with all the ethical requirements in conducting social research and ensure that it is sensitive to the needs of the participating low-income families. References Rubin, A., Babbie, E. R. (2016). Empowerment Series: Research Methods for Social Work (9th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.